Health Library

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder that can cause many health problems. These problems may range from heart defects and developmental delays to seizures.

A 24-hour urine collection is a simple lab test that measures what’s in your urine. The test is used to check kidney function. Here's what you need to know.

This urine test measure the level of the hormone cortisol, which helps your body manage stress.

This test measures the amount of protein in your urine. When protein shows up in your urine, you may have kidney disease, diabetes, or another condition.

This test measures the amount of protein in your urine. When protein shows up in your urine, you may have kidney disease, diabetes, or another condition.

Oozing sores, speckled bumps, and itchy groins might not come up in conversation with other parents. But annoying and embarrassing skin conditions affect many children. It’s time to break the silence about three icky problems and how to solve them.

Who doesn’t want to add time—and vigor—to their years? One way to do this: through physical activity.

Isn’t everyone looking for ways to enjoy their days more—with less effort? Try this heart-friendly advice.

Tiny but mighty: Seeds can be as small as the tip of a pencil but pack a major nutritional punch. Many varieties contain a slew of healthy fats, fiber, and minerals.

While medical advancements have made aging easier for some, changes in society may make it more difficult for others. There is an increasing number of older Americans who don’t have a family member or caretaker looking after their needs. This growing group is called elder orphans.

If you’re under age 50, you may believe that colorectal cancer isn’t something you need to think about right now. But cases of colorectal cancer in your age group have actually been rising for decades. And unlike an older adult, you may not be routinely screened for the disease. That makes it especially important to know how to recognize the warning signs of colorectal cancer. This could help you catch it at an early stage, when it’s easier to treat.

It isn’t easy to keep weight off, but you can do it—and the rewards are worth it. These four strategies from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) may help you succeed.

On Friday afternoon, the possibilities for the weekend seem endless. But just a couple days later, feelings of anxiety and fear may arise.

When you’re diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, heart health matters—a lot. You’re twice as likely to have heart disease or a stroke than someone who doesn’t have the condition.

Eating right is a crucial part of managing your weight. Yet there’s a lot of misinformation about exactly what that entails. If you fall for the myths, you could be sabotaging your weight loss or even risking your health. Luckily, by knowing what to watch out for, you can avoid these missteps and keep your weight-loss plan on track.

Looking for an affordable, simple exercise routine? Think back to your childhood: More than a schoolyard pastime, jumping rope is also an effective workout.

If you’ve noticed small changes in your health, you may be tempted to shrug them off. But something small may be a sign of a more serious issue.

For safety's sake, look through your home often. Keep an eye out for not-so-obvious hazards.

What do obstetrician-gynecologists (OB-GYNs) actually do? If you said that they provide pregnancy care and treat menstrual disorders, that’s true—but it’s only part of the answer.

Changing the way you eat can improve your health. But your diet doesn't have to be bland and boring to be healthy. Just follow these 5 steps!

Having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) doesn’t have to get in your way. But being organized might not come as naturally to you. To boost your productivity and feel less overwhelmed or anxious, try these 5 organizational tips:

Does it seem like breast cancer is in the news a lot lately? Need helping sorting out the facts? Well, it’s true that breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among American women. And, unfortunately, some risks for this disease cannot be changed.

If you’re pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you probably already know about the negative effects that alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy eating can have for you and your growing baby. But other things in your everyday life can affect your pregnancy, too. Here are 5 to keep in mind.

Do you track pollen counts like some people track their favorite sports team’s stats? About a quarter of all U.S. adults report experiencing seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever, and it can be a major nuisance during some of the nicest times of the year.

Don’t let asthma get in the way of an active social life. There’s a lot you can do to stay comfortable, feel confident, and have fun on a date!

If you have trouble sleeping, there are ways to help. A sleep therapist can teach you new sleep habits, how to relax, and how to calm worries. With practice, these tools can help you sleep better each night.

High blood pressure is common but dangerous—it increases your risk for heart disease and stroke. The good news is that there are lifestyle changes you can make to keep your blood pressure under control.

This test measures the amount of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in your urine. The test can help find out if you have a carcinoid tumor.

This test measures the amount of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in your urine. The test can help find out if you have a carcinoid tumor.

Don’t let heart disease, stroke, and other serious health conditions sneak up on you. Instead, visit your doctor for regular checkups—even if you’re feeling well.

Don’t let heart disease, stroke, and other serious health conditions sneak up on you. Instead, prevent them by seeing your doctor for a yearly well-woman checkup.

Your health never comes into sharper focus than it does when you’re pregnant. Because your decisions directly affect your baby, it’s worth adopting positive habits to give you both the best chance at good health. Here are 6 healthy behaviors to practice when you’re expecting.

No one diet is “the best” for everyone. If you’re looking to shed pounds, however, give these healthy eating tips a try.

Diabetes can come with a host of complications, from nerve damage to eye problems to increased risk for heart disease and stroke. Keep diabetes under control with these strategies:

Being out of work is always a frustrating situation. There are some specific strategies to help you rise above other job candidates.

Walking is among the most common exercises for good reason—it’s simple, it’s inexpensive, and it has a whole host of health benefits. While many take to a sidewalk or trail, don’t overlook indoor options, including the treadmill.

For people with uncontrolled high blood pressure, the artery walls are constantly being damaged by the force of the blood rushing through them. Over time, the damage increases the risk for heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease.

By regularly practicing certain eating habits, you can improve your breathing, gain more energy, maintain your weight, and help fight off infections. Here are seven essential tips for eating well and feeling better with COPD.

Even brief amounts of exercise can help you fortify your heart health, manage your weight, and simply boost your overall well-being.

Forgetting things or getting lost—most people know at least one common sign of Alzheimer’s disease. But there are more warning signs that aren’t as recognized.

The way you respond to a heart attack can make a big difference in what happens to you in the future.

A cancer diagnosis can be overwhelming and stressful. But a good relationship and open communication with your healthcare provider can make it easier. To help you communicate better with your provider, try these tips.

Chest pain could be simple indigestion or a heart attack. Knowing the warning signs of a heart attack, and knowing how to respond, could save a life. The following guidelines can help you make the right decisions and take the right steps when seconds count.

Detailed information on living with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator

From babies to teens, a look at how children understand death.

Polycarbonate plastic is durable, impact-resistant, and clear. It is widely used in food and drink containers, but research has raised concerns over its health effects.

Naval oranges, ripe strawberries, and sliced bananas are served with a yogurt-ginger sauce.

Here are some common medicinal herbs. Most herbs have not been completely tested to see how well they work or to see if they interact with other herbs, supplements, medicines, or foods.

A healthy diet lays the foundation for your overall well-being. And heart-healthy fruits and vegetables—between to 2 to 3 cups of vegetables and 1.5 to 2 cups of fruit each day—are the cornerstone.

Do you want to gain better control over your asthma? Put it in writing!

What happens when your healthcare provider taps on your knee with a rubber mallet? Your leg kicks forward, seemingly on its own. And in a sense, your leg has a mind of its own — in your spinal cord.

Rosacea is a long-term (chronic) skin condition. It can cause facial redness, bumps, pimples, and thick skin.

This back exercise improves strength and flexibility of your spine. Start by sitting in a sturdy chair, with your feet flat on the floor.

Getting out of bed correctly can help to ease strain on your back and prevent injury. Here are some tips for how to protect your back when you get out of bed.

You can help keep your children safe by following these precautions.

Fainting (syncope) is a brief loss of consciousness. This leads to falling down or needing to lie down, followed by a quick recovery. Fainting by itself is not a problem, but it could be a sign of a serious health condition.

You can prevent the flu this season by taking one simple step: Get a flu shot. Learn more about the vaccine and common questions people have.

Read on for helpful tips to create a healthier, lighter, but still festive meal for Thanksgiving Day. The biggest change: If you don't need to present the whole turkey for carving at the table, cook a turkey breast instead.

Details about common sleep disorders.

When you have PAD, a walking program can be very helpful. Here are some tips to get you started.

Heart disease is the nation's number one killer, and women are its prime target. Read on to learn how to check and lower your risk.

A1C is a blood test used to screen people to find out whether they have diabetes or prediabetes.

An angiogram is a type of imaging test. It uses X-rays to look at your blood vessels. An abdominal angiogram looks at the blood vessels in your belly (abdomen). Read on to learn why it's done and what to expect before, during, and after this test.

Detailed information on abdominal aortic aneurysm, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is done to treat an aneurysm. An aneurysm is a bulging, weak spot in the aorta that may be at risk for rupturing. In this case, the aneurysm is in part of the aorta that is in the abdomen.

Abdominal pain is pain in the stomach or belly area. Everyone has this pain from time to time. In many cases, it goes away on its own. But abdominal pain can sometimes be due to a serious problem, such as appendicitis. So it's important to know when to get help.

Abdominal pain is very common in children, and in many cases there's no serious cause. But stomach pain can sometimes point to a serious problem, such as appendicitis, so it is important to know when to get help.

An abdominal ultrasound is an imaging test used to assess the organs and structures in the belly. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after the test.

An abdominal X-ray may be done to check the area for causes of belly pain. It can also be done to find an object that has been swallowed or to look for a blockage or a hole in the intestine. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after this imaging test.

During a tummy tuck, the surgeon removes excess fat and skin from your belly.

Abdominoplasty, or tummy tuck, can be done with liposuction to help remove excess fat and tighten up the muscles and skin of the belly.

With today's world filled with so much stimulation, quick news reports, and fast-food restaurants on every corner, are we capable of concentrating as well as we used to?

Arthritis is a category of rheumatic diseases. Read on to learn more about these conditions and the types of health care providers who treat them.

Detailed information on cancer in children, including causes, diagnosis, treatment, and coping

Cancer clinical trials are studies managed by government agencies, educational institutions, private not-for-profit organizations, or commercial businesses. They develop and evaluate the effectiveness of new treatments and therapies for diseases.

Poison control centers are always open - 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. They're staffed by pharmacists, health care providers, nurses, and other experts who are available by phone.

During your period, pads and tampons absorb the flow and protect your clothes from stains. They come in many styles. Some absorb more than others. To learn how to use them, read the package instructions and check with an adult.

Detailed anatomical description of the heart's blood vessels, including simple definitions and a labeled, full-color illustration.

Your Asthma Action Plan includes information about your symptoms and medicines. It also includes instructions about managing your asthma symptoms and when to call your doctor.

The Asthma Action Plan includes information about your child's symptoms and medicines. It also includes directions about managing your child’s symptoms and when to call their doctor.

An abrasion is a superficial rub or wearing off of the skin, usually caused by a scrape or a brush burn. Abrasions are usually minor injuries that can be treated at home.

An abscess is a pocket of pus that forms around an infection. Pus is a fluid made up of germs (bacteria), white blood cells, and other matter. Draining pus from an infected area or organ inside the body may be needed. This helps heal the infection.

Absence seizures are a type of epilepsy that most often occur in children. Read on for details about this condition.

Around the country, more and more college students are abusing stimulants to help them study. Here's how to spot the signs of medicine use and keep your student safe.

Arthritis is a type of damage to a joint that can cause inflammation. AC arthritis affects the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. This joins the shoulder blade (scapula) and the collarbone (clavicle). AC arthritis is fairly common in older adults.

The acetaminophen drug level is a blood test used to screen for the presence of the common pain reliever acetaminophen.

This test measures the concentration of an antibody in your blood that may mean you have the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis.

Achalasia is a disease that makes it hard to eat and drink normally. It affects your esophagus, which is the swallowing tube that connects the back of your throat to your stomach.

Achalasia is a rare disease that makes it hard to swallow food and liquids. In achalasia, there is a problem with the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus).

Achilles tendon injuries affect the Achilles tendon, a fibrous band of tissue that links the muscles in your calf to your heel. Learn more about these injuries, including what causes it, who is at risk, what the symptoms are, and how it's diagnosed and treated.

Achilles tendon repair surgery is a type of surgery to fix a damaged Achilles tendon. Learn more about the surgery, including why you might need it, what the risks are, how to get ready for it, and what happens during and after the surgery.

Your Achilles tendon is a large band of tissue in the back of your ankle. It connects your calf muscles to your heel bone. You use it almost every time you move your leg. But repeated stress can make it more prone to injury. A complete tear through the tendon is known as an Achilles tendon rupture.

Achondroplasia is a group of rare genetic (inherited) bone disorders. Achondroplasia is the most common type of what was once called dwarfism, in which the child's arms and legs are short in proportion to body length.

Most people get an occasional bout of heartburn—that burning feeling in the chest about a half-hour after eating. But if you get it often, you may have GERD.

This test is done to find out if you have tuberculosis. Your doctor might order this test if you have a lung infection or symptoms of TB.

After you regain muscle control, it’s time to build strength. This improves your ability to put your full weight on your leg. For best results, warm up and stretch before starting. If your injury is recent, wait until swelling and pain decrease before doing this exercise.

Acne affects teens and adults of all ages. It happens when oil secreted by sebaceous glands clogs the hair follicle. Bacteria infect the clogged follicle and cause pimples.

Acne is a disorder of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Hair follicles are the areas around the base or root of each hair. Sebaceous glands are the tiny glands that release oil (sebum) into the hair follicles. The sebum moistens the skin and hair. The sebum and hair get to the skin surface through tiny holes called pores.

Learn about acne with this multiple-choice quiz. You'll learn, for example, which factors promote blackheads.

Detailed information on different methods for acne scar removal. These include dermabrasion, chemical peels, collagen injections, laser resurfacing, punch grafts, and autologous fat transfer.

Acoustic neuroma is a rare noncancer tumor. It affects hearing and balance when the tumor presses on the nerves in the inner ear.

Brown syndrome is a problem with a tendon that attaches to the eyeball. In Brown syndrome, this tendon can’t move freely. This limits the eye’s normal movement. Brown syndrome is a rare disorder. It is usually present at birth (congenital). In some cases, it occurs later in life (acquired).

If you have acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), your body's immune system does not work normally. Here's what you need to know.

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone. The condition is more common in adults. But it’s the most common thyroid disorder in children. Not enough thyroid hormone leads to signs, such as slow growth, lack of activity, and poor performance in school.

Acromegaly is abnormal growth that occurs when an adult's pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone. The abnormal growth starts in your hands and feet, as soft tissue begins to swell.

Every year, providers diagnose about 13,000 new cases of cervical cancer. And it’s estimated that the disease claims approximately 4,000 lives annually. Yet when it’s caught early enough, cervical cancer is highly treatable.

This blood test measures the amount of adrenocorticotripic hormone (ACTH) the pituitary gland produces.

Detailed information on actinic keratosis, including causes and treatment.

ACT is a blood test that measures how long it takes your blood to clot.

This test measures how long it takes your blood to form a clot. You may need this test if your doctor believes that you have a problem with one or more clotting factors.

Once you are ready for it, your healthcare provider will help you ease back into your active life. You can do certain exercises to help you build up your agility. Agility is ease and quickness of movement.

Once you are ready for it, your healthcare provider will help you ease back into your active life. You can do certain exercises to help you build up your agility. Agility is ease and quickness of movement.

Ready to start exercising, but don't know where to start? This quiz can get you off on the right foot.

Acupuncture is the practice of putting thin needles into the skin at certain parts of the body. It's done to ease symptoms linked to many diseases. Read on to learn more.

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is an infection of both your nasal cavity and sinuses. It's caused by bacteria. Here's what you need to know about this condition.

Acute bronchitis is a common type of bronchitis. Learn about the causes, prevention, treatment, and more.

Follow up with your doctor as you are told. You will likely feel better in a week or 2. But a dry cough can linger beyond that time. Let your doctor know if you still have symptoms (other than a dry cough) after 2 weeks.

Acute bronchitis is most often caused by a viral infection. Learn about symptoms, treatment, prevention, and more.

AFLP is a rare, but serious, liver problem in pregnancy. With AFLP, the liver cells have too much fat, which can damage the liver.

AFM is a rare condition that affects the nervous system.

Acute liver failure is when your liver suddenly starts not to work. This often happens right after an overdose of medicine or poisoning.

Leukemia is cancer that starts in the bone marrow. When a person has leukemia, the body makes too many abnormal blood cells. Learn more about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.

Learn about the symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia and when to see your doctor.

Learn about the symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and when to see your doctor.

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It can be caused by gallstones, alcohol consumption, and certain medicines, among other causes.

Detailed information on acute respiratory disorders in children

Acute salpingitis is infection of the fallopian tubes. These 2 tubes carry the eggs from the ovary to the uterus. Pelvic pain is the main symptom of acute salpingitis.

Asthma can be unpredictable. But it's important to recognize the difference between a minor flare-up and an attack that could be life-threatening. Read on to learn more.

A traumatic injury to the spine can cause a bruise, a partial tear, or a complete tear in the spinal cord. Read on for details about causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention, and management.

Car accidents, falls, and other injuries are a common cause of acute spinal cord injury.

Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is when the spinal cord is damaged from an accident or other situation. An SCI may be a bruise (contusion), a partial tear, or a complete tear (transection) in the spinal cord.

When you recently experience or witness a traumatic or stressful event, Acute Stress Disorder may set in soon after. It is often confused with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

If you have vision loss from macular degeneration, you can continue many of the activities you do now. Vision aids can help you with tasks that need detailed vision. Keep checking your vision and call your eye healthcare provider if you notice any changes.

As your body adjusts, you may have to change or limit your daily activities. You'll need more rest. You may also need to use the energy you have more wisely.

Keep up the healthy habits you started in your first trimester. You might be a little more tired than normal. So plan your day wisely. Look at the tips below and choose the ones that suit your lifestyle.

Although common during pregnancy, some discomforts may seem worse in the final weeks. Simple lifestyle changes can help. Take care of yourself. And ask your partner to help out with small tasks.

Vegetables offer not only a variety of flavors and textures, but also a lot of nutrients. But many Americans limit their vegetable consumption to just a few types. Learn why and how to add more vegetables to your diet.

Addiction to drugs or alcohol can happen to anyone of any age, social status, race, or income level. Find out more by taking this quiz.

Recovery means making a new life for yourself. This includes finding new interests. It includes building new relationships. It means taking better care of yourself. These will all help you replace substance use with a new and healthier life.

Learn ways to recover from addiction to drugs and alcohol and how to prevent and deal with relapses.

Ask yourself the questions contained here. The answers can help you see where you might have problems caused by substance abuse. Then you can decide whether you're ready to do something about your use.

Facing your addiction problem takes courage and honesty. And there are many programs and people who can help you.

When you think of addiction, you might think about drugs or alcohol. But there are other kinds of addictions, and all of them involve your health and well-being.

There are endless ways to add more variety and flavor to your diet, without using salt or high-fat ingredients.

Your milk is best, but it's not always complete with the nutritional needs of very small premature babies or some very sick newborns.

Addison disease is when the adrenal glands don't make enough of two steroid hormones. The hormones are cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol controls the body's metabolism, blocks inflammatory reactions, and affects the immune system. Aldosterone manages sodium and potassium levels. Addison disease is fairly rare and may first appear at any age.

Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that cause a variety of infections. These include the common cold, conjunctivitis, and croup.

Adenoviruses can cause illness that is usually mild, but can be serious in some cases.

Taking care of a child with ADHD might cause other relationships in the household to suffer. This doesn't have to happen. Each member of the family can help build lasting bonds. That way, life can get better for everyone.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental affecting millions of children.

Food intolerance that happens after weight-loss surgery means that you may have problems eating foods that you ate before or that are part of your new diet. This can make it hard to stick to your new diet and keep the pounds off.

It's not easy to focus on a conversation when there's a lot of background noise. That's where aural rehab can help. With this training, you'll improve your hearing by learning new listening techniques. Read on to learn more.

Losing a limb can be a profound shock. Everyone reacts to loss in different ways. You may be feeling angry, frustrated, scared, sad, or lonely. These are very common feelings after limb loss. Don’t hesitate to ask for the support that you need. You don’t have to go through this alone.

It may take you some time to adjust to your tracheostomy. You may wonder how it will affect your daily life. You will need to make some changes, but you can get used to having a tracheostomy tube ("trach tube"). Your family, friends, and doctor can help.

Having a traumatic brain injury and getting better after a TBI are life-changing and stressful events. Some people develop a group of symptoms called adjustment disorder after a trauma like a TBI.

An adjustment disorder is an unhealthy emotional or behavioral reaction to a stressful event or change in a person's life. The response happens within 3 months of the stressful event.

Detailed information on adolescence, ages 13 to 18 years

Detailed information on adolescent growth and development

Information on adolescent health problems and injuries, including chronic and general medical conditions; reproductive health; musculoskeletal and orthopedic care; oral and vision health; sports and environmental safety.

Detailed information on adolescent mental health disorders, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, major depression, dysthymia, manic depression (bipolar disorder), teen suicide, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, behavior disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, substance abuse/chemical dependence, and adjustment disorders

Adrenal cancer is a rare cancer that starts in the adrenal glands. You have two adrenal glands. One sits on top of each kidney. Learn more about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.

There are several treatment choices for adrenal cancer. Which may work best for you? It depends on a few factors.

Adrenal insufficiency is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands don't make enough of the hormone cortisol. Learn more about this condition, including the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and complications.

Learn about what adult acne is, what causes it, and how it's treated.

People with cystic fibrosis (CF) may have trouble keeping their weight up. You may lose weight even when you get enough calories. Here are some tips to help you add fats and calories to your diet.

In the digestive system, CF mainly affects the pancreas. The secretions from the pancreas become thick. They then block the ducts within the pancreas.

If you have cystic fibrosis (CF), you need to work closely with your care team. This will help you stay healthier, feel better, and have a better quality of life.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease. This means that CF is inherited. A person is born with CF only if two CF genes are inherited. You have to get one from your mother and the other from your father.

CF does not affect sexual drive or performance, but it may cause a number of problems in the reproductive system.

Cystic fibrosis first affects the small airways in the lungs. Over time, it can affect other parts of the body.

Circumcision is a procedure to remove the foreskin, the loose fold of skin that covers the head of the penis. Read on to learn more about adult circumcision and how it's done.

CF can affect how your body absorbs nutrients and fats. Good nutrition can help counteract some of these problems. Learn about how to get the healthy nutrition you need.

True or false: Polio vaccines should be kept up-to-date throughout your lifetime.

This test measures the levels of lead in your blood. You may be exposed to lead on your job or through lead-based paint used in your home.

Colds are caused by viruses. They can't be cured with antibiotics. But you can ease symptoms and help your body's efforts to heal itself. Read on for details.

The tonsils are two small masses of tissue at the back of the throat. They are part of the body's immune system, which helps the body fight disease. In some people, the tonsils become infected or enlarged. Tonsillectomy is surgery to remove the tonsils.

How important is it to draw up a living will? Take this quiz and find out.

An advance medical directive is a form that lets you plan ahead for the care you’d want if you could no longer express your wishes. Be aware that laws vary from state to state, and it may be worthwhile to talk with an attorney.

Exercises after knee replacement surgery are an important part of your recovery.

Technology has given us the automated external defibrillator (AED), which is turning up far from hospitals. Some schools and public buildings already have AEDs.

Exercise is a lot more than an energy booster and a stress reliever. It also strengthens your heart muscle, lowers your blood pressure and blood cholesterol, and burns calories.

Afferent loop syndrome is a complication of certain types of stomach surgery.

African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) is a disease caused by a parasite. It is passed on by the bite of the infected tsetse fly.

Details about when to call your child's health care provider after a burn.

It can take time to recover fully after a cesarean. It's important to take care of yourself --both for your own sake and because your new baby needs you.

Know what to expect after a concussion.

A cone biopsy is a quick outpatient surgery used to find and treat a problem in the cervix. It takes less than an hour, and you'll be able to go home the same day.

Over the long-term, your quality of life is tied to how severe your heart attack was and how it was treated. Beyond that, any change will depend largely on you.

No one plans on having a hip fracture. But a sudden fall or accident can be a life-changing event. You’ll need surgery to repair the fracture, and time for it to heal. It’s normal to have concerns about what to expect at this time. Below are answers to some common questions.

Reclaiming the driver’s seat after a stroke can be a daunting prospect. The good news? With support, guidance, and some adaptations, you can still travel the road ahead with confidence.

Here is what to expect after a thoracoscopy. Learn about recovering in the hospital and how to care for yourself at home.

Your child has had surgery to remove tonsils or adenoids. Your child will need time to get better. Below are guidelines for your child's recovery.

After having a baby, your body may be very tired and it can take time to recover. You may stay in the hospital or birth center from 1 to 4 days. In some cases, you may be able to go home the same day.

After you have an aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) repair, the pressure inside your belly (abdomen) is at risk for increasing. High pressure in your abdomen lowers the blood flow to your organs.

Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus drops into the vagina. In severe cases, the uterus can protrude from the vagina. The goal of surgery is to correct this problem and relieve your symptoms.

Most people recover quickly after an appendectomy. Here's what you can expect after surgery.

After ankle arthroscopy, your joint may be swollen, painful, and stiff. Recovery times can vary. Your surgeon will tell you when to resume activity.

Getting back to your daily routine means taking care to protect your back. These tips can help you.

These tips can help make some tasks easier and will help protect your back after surgery.

Learn what to expect in the hospital following your back surgery.

Learn what to expect in the first 6 weeks at home after bariatric surgery.

Learn what to expect in the first 6 weeks at home after bariatric surgery.

Your child had a procedure to remove a button battery that was stuck in their throat, stomach, or esophagus. The esophagus (say “ee-SOF-uh-gus) is the tube that leads from the throat to the stomach. The doctor used a thin, lighted tube (endoscope)

After coronary artery bypass surgery, it's important to care for your incision as it heals.

Learn how to care for yourself at home after bypass surgery.

As you heal after coronary bypass surgery, it's important to be active but protect your upper body. Read about some household chores that you can do and some you shouldn't do.

After bypass surgery, it's important to get back into social activities, but take it slowly. Also, know that it's not a good idea to drive for 6 to 8 weeks after surgery.

After coronary bypass surgery, it's important to relax and get plenty of rest.

Learn how to get up and out of bed after bypass surgery. This is to help protect your incision and healing breastbone.

After coronary bypass surgery, it's important to prevent swelling in your legs. Follow these instructions to prevent swelling.

As your breastbone heals after coronary bypass surgery, it is important to move carefully. Follow these tips.

After your bypass surgery, expect to have regular follow-up visits with your health care team.

After bypass surgery, it's important to take an active role in your recovery. Here are some tips.

After carotid artery stenting, you will most likely stay overnight in the hospital for care and monitoring. Here is what you can expect at the hospital.

You'll start feeling back to normal a day or 2 after getting home. But don't forget that you just had surgery. Here is information to speed your recovery.

After surgery, you'll be taken to a recovery area. Later, you may be moved to a regular hospital room where you'll stay for 1 or 2 days.

After cataract surgery, it is important to have regular eye exams. This is the best way to check the health of your eyes. It will help you maintain good vision.

Health problems sometimes arise with you or your baby following delivery. Call 911 or your baby's health care provider or your provider if you see any of these signs.

Tips for home care and when to call your doctor after an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

After gastric bypass surgery, you will need to learn a new way to eat and drink. Your new stomach pouch is much smaller than it was before. And it has a small opening at the bottom called a stoma. This can become blocked by food if you aren't careful. Here are guidelines.

Congratulations on your new baby! Diapers won’t be the only thing you’ll change in the months ahead. Your sense of yourself and how you relate to your partner will also be different. If you have other children, expect some emotional swings, as you and your family try out your new roles.

Congratulations on your new baby! Diapers won’t be the only thing you’ll change in the months ahead. Your sense of yourself and how you relate to your partner will also be different. If you have other children, expect some emotional swings, as you and your family try out your new roles.

Helping yourself feel fit is one of the best things you can do for your baby. A little exercise will tone your muscles. You’ll feel stronger and more energized. You’ll also feel more awake and aware. Don’t worry about your weight right now. Your goal is to feel healthy. Here are suggestions to help you do so.

Helping yourself feel fit is one of the best things you can do for your baby. A little exercise will tone your muscles. You’ll feel stronger and more energized. Don’t worry about your weight right now. Your goal is to feel healthy. Here are suggestions to help you do so.

Instructions on how to take care of your hand after surgery.

Here is how to take care of yourself after surgery to fix or replace a heart valve.

After hip replacement surgery, you can leave the hospital when your health is stable, your pain is controlled, and you're able to walk safely, including up and down stairs. Here are some tips to continue your recovery at home.

Take your pain medicine as prescribed to keep pain under control.

Here is what to expect in the hospital after a total hip replacement.

Use these tips to help sit safely after you have hip replacement surgery.

After hip replacement, it's important to learn how to correctly and safely use your crutches or cane.

Learn how to use your walker after hip replacement.

It's important to know what symptoms are red flags after hip replacement.

Use this chart to help you with your exercise instructions.

After hip replacement, getting dressed can be difficult. These tips can help.

After hip replacement, getting in and out of a car can be difficult. Read this for instructions on how to do it safely.

Read this for some tips about how to safely do your daily tasks after hip replacement surgery.

A successfully transplanted kidney works like a normal kidney to filter your blood. You won't need dialysis. But you will need to take medicines to keep your new kidney healthy.

Learn what to expect after knee arthroscopy.

After knee arthroscopy, your surgeon may prescribe physical therapy. This can help relieve pain, increase range of motion, and improve strength. Learn more about the types of physical therapy and how you can work with your therapist.

You and your care team will evaluate how well you can care for yourself at home. You may need friends, family, or a home health aide to help with chores and errands.

Swelling is common after total knee replacement. Read this for steps you can take to reduce the amount of swelling you experience after your surgery.

After knee replacement, your healthcare team will help you learn how to sit up, stand, and use the bathroom safely.

You can keep your knee healthy by knowing the right moves and staying away from the wrong ones. Some activities may be permanently restricted.

Your healthcare team will keep track of your progress after your surgery. Be sure to let them know how you feel and how well your pain is controlled. You may also receive medicines, such as antibiotics and blood thinners.

Exercising is the only way to regain your strength and range of motion. With continued exercise, you may gain more strength and range of motion than you had before surgery. Learn more about what you can expect.

You have had a procedure called laparoscopic appendectomy to remove your appendix. Here's what you need to know to take care of yourself at home.

A hernia is a defect in the tough tissue covering the musculature of the abdominal wall (fascia). During laparoscopic hernia surgery, a surgeon inserts a telescope attached to a camera as well as surgical instruments through tiny incisions in your abdomen. The surgeon repairs the hernia with a mesh, which patches the tear or weakness in the fascia.

Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus drops into the vagina. In severe cases, the uterus may stick out from the vagina. The goal of surgery is to repair the problem and ease your symptoms.

You have had surgery to remove your spleen (splenectomy). This sheet will help you take care of yourself at home.

Your health care provider did a laparoscopic procedure to treat your ectopic pregnancy. Here are some instructions for caring for yourself when you are at home.

If you have a leg amputated, it's important to take steps to care for your other leg.

You have had surgery to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This happens when the main blood vessel in your abdominal area weakens and expands like a balloon. Here's what you need to know following surgery.

Reverse total shoulder replacement is a type of surgery. It's done to repair an injury to the rotator cuff. Here's what you need to know about recovering at home.

After repair of your shoulder joint, you may go home the same day of your surgery. Or you may spend 24 hours in the hospital. Take care of your shoulder while it’s healing and follow all instructions you are given. Full healing usually takes 3 to 4 months.

Detailed information on postoperative discomforts and potential complications, including shock, hemorrhage, wound infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary complications, urinary retention, and reaction to anesthesia.

Learn how to care for yourself when healing after thyroid surgery.

A total hip replacement is major surgery and the recovery can be long. Learn more about how you can protect your new hip and have a good recovery after you leave the hospital.

After a total hip replacement, you'll continue to recover at home and find yourself returning to your daily routine. The key to becoming active again is to stick with your recovery program. Read more for tips on getting back to an active lifestyle.

Hearing should improve after the tubes are in place. For best results, follow up as instructed by the surgeon. In some cases, ear problems may continue. But you can help prevent ear infections by using good ear care.

During your child's umbilical hernia repair surgery, the health care provider made a small incision and repaired the muscle. Here are some instructions to help you care for your child once at home.

Detailed information on health considerations after returning home from traveling abroad.

After coronary artery bypass surgery, it's important to balance rest with activity.

Your child will likely be drowsy for a while. They may have a faint memory of the procedure or may not remember it at all.

Your child had a procedure called inguinal hernia repair. These are instructions for caring for your child following the surgery.

Pyloric stenosis is a condition that makes it hard for food to move from the stomach into the small intestine. The treatment is surgery called pyloromyotomy. Here's what you need to know about home care following the surgery.

Your child has had a procedure called an ileostomy. This surgery affects part of the colon (large intestine) and part of the last section of the ileum (small intestine). Parts of your child's colon and ileum were cut. Parts may have been removed. A small hole called a stoma is made in the abdominal wall and skin. During surgery, the intestine is attached to the skin to allow stool and mucus to pass out of the body. The stool and mucus drain into a holding bag. Below are guidelines for home care after an ileostomy. The doctor and nursing staff may give you other directions for your child.

Take care after your TAVR procedure. These guidelines can help.

Cancer of the colon and rectum is the second deadliest cancer among U.S. adults. In recent decades, there has been a sharp rise in colorectal cancer cases among adults younger than age 50.

A helpful look at age-appropriate hearing milestones for babies and toddlers.

Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is the slow loss of hearing in both ears. It’s a common problem linked to aging.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects a person’s central vision. It's the most common cause of severe eyesight loss among people age 50 and older.

Millions of Americans are affected by age-related macular degeneration, a disease that damages the eye's central vision. To learn more about macular degeneration, take this quiz.

Poor nutrition can make you lose muscle, feel tired and weak, and make it harder for your body to fight infection and heal wounds. Working with your doctor to make sure you get enough nutrients can help you be healthier..

A phobia is a fear of something. Generally, agoraphobia is a fear of situations that are hard to escape.

People who have AIDS are much more likely to get certain types of cancer than people without the disease.

AIDS-related lymphoma is a type of cancer called non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It grows in some people with AIDS. AIDS is a disease that weakens the immune system. AIDS raises the risk for long-term (chronic) disease, such as cancer.

Learn about air leaks in a newborn baby, including causes, types, treatment, and long-term effects.

Get detailed information on healthy considerations for air travel, including ways to prevent motion sickness and jet lag.

Infants and children under age 4 are particularly at risk for choking on food or small objects because their upper airways are smaller, and they tend to explore things with their mouths.

Choking hazards in the home: round, firm foods, such as grapes and popcorn, and small nonfood items, such as coins, balloons, and marbles.

Because most accidental child strangulations, chokings, and suffocations happen in the home, it's important to carefully childproof your residence.

Alagille syndrome is an inherited condition in which bile builds up in the liver because there are too few bile ducts to drain the bile. This results in liver damage.

This test measures the amount of the protein albumin in your blood. The test can help diagnose liver and kidney problems.

This test looks for a protein called albumin in your urine. The test is used to check for kidney damage or disease.

Here are common signs of an alcohol addiction.

Many older adults enjoy a glass of wine with dinner or a beer while watching the game on TV. But alcohol can affect older adults differently. Here's what you should know.

Drinking alcohol while pregnant is a leading cause of birth defects in a baby. In addition, the risk for miscarriage and stillbirth increases with alcohol consumption. Read on to learn more.

Alcohol may have some health benefits, including lowering the risk for heart disease, but it may also lead to abusive drinking and other diseases.

Alcohol septal ablation is a minimally invasive procedure for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a condition in which your heart muscle is abnormally thick. The purpose of the procedure is to decrease your symptoms and to reduce future complications.

Alcohol can lower blood sugar levels to the point of hypoglycemia. Keep careful track of your blood sugar levels when drinking alcohol, because certain diabetes medicines also lower blood glucose levels.

Most adults who drink alcohol are moderate drinkers and are at low risk for alcohol dependence. If you're concerned about drinking use this tool to find out if you have a problem.

Genetics can play a part in whether you have problems with alcohol. But many other factors also have an influence. Here's what you should know.

Learn how changing your own behavoir may help your loved one who has alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Millions of people are significantly affected by somebody's else's drinking, and an immense resource network has developed to help deal with the problem. This network includes self-help groups, professional care facilities and practitioners, and information and referral services.

Misusing alcohol can lead to serious problems. Learn more about the effects of abusing alcohol by taking this quiz.

The more often you rely on alcohol to relax you or make you feel good, the closer you move toward addiction. If you think you are on the path to addiction, you can take action to change your behavior.

It's hard to face a problem with alcohol. These resources can help.

It's important to cut through alcoholism myths and learn the facts.

Withdrawal is what happens to your body if you're a heavy drinker and stop drinking alcohol. Withdrawal symptoms can be mild to severe. How severe they are depends on how much alcohol you drink, how long you've been abusing alcohol, and if you have organ damage.

Alcohol-induced liver disease is caused by heavy use of alcohol. The liver's job is to break down alcohol. If you drink more than it can process, it can become badly damaged.

Alcoholic hepatitis is liver inflammation from heavy drinking. Symptoms: belly pain, nausea, yellow skin and eyes, and vomiting blood. Stop alcohol, get support, and see your provider. It can cause liver failure, bleeding, or death. Tests check the liver.

This blood test measures levels of aldosterone and renin.

This test measures the amount of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your blood. It can help your doctor diagnose certain liver conditions.

Detailed information on allergy, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory lung disease with recurrent breathing problems.

Several kinds of medicine are commonly prescribed for high blood pressure. Here are some of the main types.

Learn how cholesterol affects your health and how lifestyle changes and medicines can help improve your cholesterol levels.

There are 8 main types of cholesterol-lowering medicines. Read on to learn more.

A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney out of substances normally dissolved in the urine.

LSD, also called acid, is one of the most commonly used hallucinogens or psychedelic drugs. Read on to learn more.

Muscle cramps -- involuntary muscle contractions -- are common. But even though they can be quite painful, they don't cause damage.

Your stomach's starring role is as an organ essential for digestion. The stomach breaks down all the food you eat.

Quality time should be woven into our lives. As our children get older and slip away, we need to stop worrying about the extraordinary and think more about the ordinary."

Put the flat bread spread with the toppings on a toaster oven tray and use the top brown" setting. It's ready when the cheese bubbles

Detailed information on allergic reactions to insect bites and stings.

Household pets, such as cats and dogs, are the most common sources of animal allergens. Here's what you need to know about symptoms and treatments.

Dust mites are microscopic organisms that can live throughout homes and businesses. Read on to learn more.

Pollen is the most common cause of hay fever. Read on for more information--and helpful tips for reducing the effects of hay fever during pollen season.

Detailed information on allergy triggers and symptom control

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) means you are having an allergic reaction to a common fungus called Aspergillus. ABPA causes the lungs to become inflamed. This leads to symptoms, such as wheezing and coughing.

Allergic rhinitis can happen during certain seasons or year-round. There is often a family history of allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma, or food allergy. Read on to learn details about treating and managing this condition.

Detailed information on allergies in children, including information on allergic rhinitis and food allergies

Most allergic reactions are a result of an immune system that responds to a "false alarm."

Learn about allergies in children, including how allergies are diagnosed and treated.

Allergies are nothing to sneeze at. Learn how to better deal with this condition.

Detailed information on allergy, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

A detailed look at the different kinds of over-the-counter allergy medicines, and how they work.

Allergies are problems of the immune system. Normally the immune system attacks harmful things such as viruses or bacteria. But sometimes it overreacts and responds to things that are normally harmless. These may include dust, mold, pollen, or food.

Allergy shots are a type of treatment for allergies. The goal of the treatment is to make your body less sensitive to allergens. Allergens are the substances that cause your allergies.

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder. It is passed down from one or both parents through their genes. Learn about the four types of alpha thalassemia, symptoms, treatment options, and more.

Alpha thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder. This means it is passed down through the parent’s genes. It causes anemia in affected children. Learn more about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

This test checks to see if a liver disorder or lung disease is caused by a genetic disorder called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Alpha-fetoprotein screening is a blood test that measures the level of AFP in the mother's blood. Abnormal levels may indicate certain problems with the fetus.

This test checks a sample of amniotic fluid. The sample can help tell if your baby has a birth defect called an open neural tube defect.

If you are pregnant, this test looks for a fetal substance called alpha-fetoprotein in your blood. Higher levels of AFP may mean your fetus has a birth defect.

This test looks for a protein in your blood that may mean that you have liver cancer or one of several other cancers.

This test measures the amount of a certain enzyme in your blood. High levels are a sign of liver damage.

Many people swear by alternative and complementary therapies. Find out more about these treatments by taking this quiz.

Today there are alternatives to 12-step programs. Some treatment programs teach problem drinkers to reduce their drinking. This approach appeals to people who otherwise might not seek treatment.

Gazing down on the spectacular view from a mountaintop can take your breath away. That breathlessness is oftentimes more than just an awestruck reaction to the sights. It can be a symptom of altitude sickness, an illness that can strike hikers, mountain climbers, skiers and anyone who hits the 8,000-foot mark on a mountain.

Alzheimer disease is a brain illness that can happen usually in older adults, but it can also happen as early as age 40. It is the most common cause of dementia. It is a progressive disease. This means it gets worse over time.

Find out more about this degenerative disease of the brain by taking this quiz.

Alzheimer disease is a disease that affects the brain and nervous system. It is a type of dementia that happens when nerve cells in the brain die.

In most cases of amblyopia, the brain ignores signals coming from one eye. Over time, the brain gets used to working only with the other eye. So amblyopia must be treated as soon as possible.

Amenorrhea means you haven't had your period for more than three cycles. It can be caused by a variety of things including overexercising, being overweight, or due to an ovulation problem.

Amenorrhea is when a girl's menstrual bleeding (period) doesn't occur.

Cubed potatoes are sauteed with onions and lima beans and seasoned with parsley and paprika.

This test checks the amount of ammonia in your blood. Ammonia may build up in your body if you have kidney or liver failure.

Amniocentesis is a procedure used to take out a small sample of the amniotic fluid for testing.

Amniocentesis is a prenatal test that helps you learn if your baby has genetic problems. Here's what you need to know about this test.

This test measures the amount of a drug called amphetamine in your blood. The test is most often used to screen for drug abuse.

This test detects the presence of amphetamine in your urine. This drug can show up in your urine long after you've taken it.

Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for ampullary cancer.

Amputation is surgery to remove all or part of an arm or leg. Learn more about amputation, including why it's done, risks, and what to expect before, during, and after surgery.

This test measures the level of the enzyme amylase in your blood. Amylase levels in your blood rise when your pancreas or your salivary glands are inflamed.

This test is used to find out whether you have pancreatitis or another pancreas-related disorder.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal type of motor neuron disease. Learn more about ALS, including causes, symptoms, and treatment.

Back pain can be as varied as the sources that cause it. But what do you do when back pain occurs? How do you deal with the pain—and when does it warrant a trip to a healthcare provider?

Often it’s hard to know which medical treatment choices you might face. Would you rather let someone you trust decide for you? A durable power of attorney for health care lets you name an agent to carry out your wishes. This happens only if you can’t express your wishes yourself.

With childhood obesity on the rise, should parents worry about the weight of their babies?

This test looks for certain bacteria in a wound or an infection in a fluid sample. These bacteria are called anaerobic because they don’t need oxygen to grow.

The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. Most anal cancers start in the cells that make the inside lining of the anus. Learn more about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.

Sometimes anal cancer does not cause any symptoms at all. Bleeding from your rectum is the most common symptom of anal cancer.

Different types of treatment have different goals. Learn about anal cancer treatments and their goals, so you can choose the one that's best for you.

An anal fissure is a small, painful tear in the lining of the anus. Anal fissures may hurt and bleed during or after a bowel movement, but almost all heal without surgery.

An anal fistula is an abnormal opening in the skin near the anus. It leads to the inside of the anal canal in the colon.

Taking one or a mix of painkiller medicines daily over a long time may cause chronic kidney problems. This is called analgesic nephropathy. Painkillers that combine two or more medicines (such as aspirin and acetaminophen together) with caffeine or codeine are the most likely to harm the kidneys.

Anaphylaxis is a severe and sometimes life-threatening reaction to an allergen. An allergen is something that your child is allergic to. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency. Your child can have a reaction within seconds or as long as an hour after contact.

Anaplasmosis is an illness caused by bacteria that’s spread by ticks. The bacteria are called Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The illness causes fever, muscle aches, and other symptoms.

One risk of gastric bypass surgery is that the anastomosis, the new connection created in your intestines during the bypass surgery, will leak. Leaking of digestive juices and partially digested food through an anastomosis is one of the most serious complications after bypass surgery.

After gastric bypass surgery for weight loss, the new connection between the stomach pouch and the small intestine may narrow. This is called an anastomotic stenosis. It’s also known as a stricture.

Detailed information on several of the different divisions of anatomical pathology, including biopsy, surgical pathology, cytology, and autopsy

Detailed information and illustrations about the two coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle.

Detailed anatomical description of the heart's electrical system, including simple definitions and a labeled, full-color illustration.

Detailed anatomical description of the heart valves, including simple definitions and a labeled, full-color illustration.

The heart is a pump made of muscle tissue. Its pumping action is controlled by electrical impulses.

Detailed anatomical description of the urinary system, including simple definitions and labeled, full-color illustrations.

The main parts of the ear are the outer ear, the eardrum (tympanic membrane), the middle ear, and the inner ear.

A helpful guide to the nose, the sinuses, and the throat.

The brain can be divided into 3 main parts: the cerebrum, the brainstem, and the cerebellum.

Joints are the areas where 2 or more bones meet. Most joints are mobile, allowing the bones to move.

Detailed anatomical information on the newborn skull.

The female pelvic area contains a number of organs and structures: the endometrium, uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and vulva.

The brain is an important organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, respiration, and every process that regulates your body.

Learn about the brain, its parts, each part's functions, and how the brain is protected.

A closer look at the structure of the breast.

As food moves along the digestive tract, it is digested. This means it's changed into substances that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

This helpful article and diagram explain how all the parts of the ear work together.

The elbow is a hinge joint between the humerus bone in the upper arm and the radius and ulnar bones in the lower arm.

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs. It includes the hypothalamus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes, along with the pituitary, thyroid, and other glands.

Detailed information on the endocrine system, its anatomy and function, including a full-color, labeled illustration.

The structures of the eye include the cornea, iris, pupil, macula, retina, and the optic nerve.

Your feet are susceptible to many stresses. Foot pain and problems can cause pain, inflammation, or injury.

Each of your hands has three types of bones: phalanges in your fingers; metacarpals in your mid-hand, and carpals in your wrist.

A helpful guide to the inner ear, complete with a diagram.

The knee is a vulnerable joint that bears a lot of stress from everyday activities, such as lifting and from high-impact activities, such as jogging.

The pelvis is a basin-shaped structure that supports the spinal column and protects the abdominal organs.

Details about the size, location, and function of the prostate gland, including a diagram.

A detailed look at the respiratory system and how it works.

A detailed anatomical description of the respiratory system, including simple definitions and labeled, full-color illustrations.

The shoulder is a complex joint with several layers, including bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

The skin is the body's largest organ. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection.

Made up of bundles of nerves, the spinal cord carries signals from your body to your brain, and vice versa.

Your backbone, also called the vertebral column, is made up of 33 vertebrae separated by spongy disks.

The stomach is a J-shaped organ in the upper belly (abdomen). Read on to learn more about the stomach.

The vulva is the outer part of the female reproductive system. It's also called the external genitalia.

Definitions of terms related to the anatomy of a fetus in utero.

Anemia is a condition that occurs when your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells. Read on to learn about anemia symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Chemotherapy can damage your body’s ability to make red blood cells, so body tissues don't get enough oxygen. This is a condition called anemia. People who have anemia may feel very weak or tired, dizzy, faint, or short of breath, or may feel that their hearts are beating very fast.

Anemia is a health problem that affects your blood. Normally, the kidneys make a protein called erythropoietin. It tells your body when to make new red blood cells. But if you have kidney disease, your kidneys may not be able to make enough of this protein.

Anemia during pregnancy is often caused by not having enough iron in the blood. It is common in pregnancy and very easy to treat.

Anemia is a common problem in children. A child who has anemia doesn't have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin. Read on to learn more about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Anemia is when your blood has too few red blood cells. Having too few red blood cells makes it harder for your blood to carry oxygen or iron. This can affect how cells work in nerves and muscles. During pregnancy, your baby also needs your blood.

Anemia is a common blood disorder. It occurs when you have fewer red blood cells than normal, or not enough hemoglobin in your blood. Here's what you need to know about this condition.

Answer this one: What is the most common cause of anemia?

Detailed information on the different types of anemia, including aplastic anemia, anemia of folate deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hemolytic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and sickle cell disease

Anencephaly is a birth defect that affects the brain and skull bones. Learn more about this condition.

Anesthetics may numb only 1 region of your body, or they may let you sleep during surgery. These medicines are given by trained specialists. Whenever possible, regional anesthesia is used so you can be awake during your baby's birth.

Your surgeon will use monitored anesthesia care (MAC) during your upcoming surgery. This sheet tells you more about this type of anesthesia.

An aneurysm is a bulging, weak area in the wall of a blood vessel. Learn more about this condition, including causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Anger management helps you deal with your child or grandchild in a kind and constructive way. It also sets a good example of how to handle challenging situations and work out conflicts.

Angina pectoris is chest pain or a feeling of chest discomfort that occurs when a part of your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. Learn more about angina, including causes, risks, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Sometimes called antiangiogenic therapy, this treatment may prevent the growth of cancer by blocking the formation of new blood vessels.

Angioplasty, also called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a procedure to open blocked coronary arteries (caused by coronary artery disease) and restore blood flow to the heart muscle without open-heart surgery.

This test measures the level of a certain enzyme in your blood. It can help diagnose a condition called sarcoidosis.

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are medicines. They are most often prescribed to treat high blood pressure, but they can be used to treat other conditions. This sheet tells you how ARBs work and how to use them effectively.

Detailed information on animal bites and rabies, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Detailed information on animal bites and how to respond to them.

Most bites and scratches from household pets are nothing to worry about. But some bites or scratches can be serious. Others may become infected or pose the risk of rabies. So it's best to talk with your health care provider or get medical care.

This test looks at electrically charged particles in your blood to help your doctor diagnose acid-base imbalances.

Aniridia is a serious and rare eye disorder in which the iris is partly or completely gone.

Follow the step-by-step directions for this ankle exercise.

Arthroscopy is used to find and treat ankle problems. These include loose bodies, bone spurs, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), and synovitis.

The ankle brachial index (ABI) is a simple test that compares the blood pressure measured at your ankle with the blood pressure measured at your arm. It is used to check for peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the legs, or to see if PAD is getting worse.

A joint dislocation is when there is an abnormal separation between the bones of a joint. When this happens in your ankle joint, it's known as an ankle dislocation. It is a severe injury.

This exercise is for your ankles.

This exercise helps improve flexibility in the ankles.

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a type of surgery used to stabilize and heal a broken bone. You might need this procedure to treat your broken ankle. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after this surgery. 

Ankle fusion is a type of surgery to fuse the bones of your ankle into one piece. It's also known as ankle arthrodesis. The surgery is usually done to treat arthritis in the ankle.

Follow the step-by-step instructions for this exercise.

Ankle replacement surgery is the replacement of a damaged ankle joint with an artificial implant.

The ankle-brachial index (ABI) test compares the blood pressure in the upper and lower limbs. This test can help diagnose peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis that affects the spine. Read on to learn details about this condition, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Young and old people can develop AS. But it’s more common in people ages 17 to 35. Men are more likely than women to have AS. You are also more likely to have it if someone else in your family had it.

Anyone can develop ankylosing spondylitis, even children. It’s a type of arthritis that attacks the spine. When it’s found in a child, it’s called juvenile ankylosing spondylitis.

The term annular pancreas means that a ring of excess pancreatic tissue encases the first part of your small intestine. Your pancreas can still function, but the excess tissue can cause a number of symptoms. Read on to learn more.

An anomalous coronary artery (ACA) is a heart defect. This is something your baby is born with (congenital). In ACA, the blood vessels that supply blood to your child’s heart muscle aren’t normal.

Anomalous coronary artery intervention is a type of procedure to correct a problem with the coronary artery. Read on to learn more about this procedure.

An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus under the skin in the area of the anus and rectum.

Anorectal malformations are birth defects, or problems that happen as an unborn baby is developing during pregnancy. With this defect, the anus and rectum don’t develop properly. They are the lower part of the digestive tract.

Anorexia nervosa (or simply anorexia) is an eating disorder that causes people to obsess about their weight and food. People who suffer with this behavior problem have a distorted body image. They see themselves as overweight even when their weight is dangerously low.

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder. It is a form of self-starvation. Children and teens with this health problem have a distorted body image. They think they weigh too much.

Children's mental health is as important as their physical health. Read on for helpful answers to common questions that can help you protect your child's mental health.

People with arthritis can improve their health and fitness through exercise without damaging their joints.

An antegrade pyelogram is an imaging test to find a blockage (obstruction) in the upper urinary tract. Read on to learn about what to expect before, during, and after this test.

Learn about ACL tears in children, how to care for them, and when to contact your doctor.

Detailed information on anterior pituitary disorders, including hypopituitarism

Anthrax is a serious disease that can affect the skin, lungs, and digestive tract. Learn more about this disease by taking this quiz.

People can get anthrax disease from contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products such as wool, meat, or hides.

This test screens for celiac disease and also helps your doctor monitor your condition if you have this disease.

Antibiotics are medicines used to kill bacteria. Over time, certain groups of these germs may adapt to these medicines. They may change in such a way that antibiotics can't kill them. This is called antibiotic resistance.

An antibiotic may be prescribed if your child has a bacterial infection. Here you'll find information on when antibiotics are needed, what resistant bacteria are, and how to help your child stay healthy.

Antibiotics have been called "wonder drugs," because of their ability to treat bacterial infections that were once deadly. Antibiotics have saved countless lives since they were first introduced 60 years ago. But over use of these drugs has allowed some bacteria to become resistant to them.

Anticipatory grief is similar to the normal process of mourning, but it happens before the actual death and can include the person who is dying.

This test measures the amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in your blood. ADH regulates your body's balance of water.

This test looks for certain substances in your blood that may mean you have a form of liver disease.

This test checks the level of a certain antibody in your blood that can indicate heart damage. The antibodies show up before symptoms appear.

This blood test is done to help your doctor diagnose a type of illness called an autoimmune disease.

This test checks for antibodies that may be found in people with abnormal blood clots or autoimmune diseases.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease. This happens when your immune system fights against normal cells. In this condition, your body makes antibodies that attack a kind of fat in cells. This makes your blood clot too easily.

The antithrombin activity and antigen tests are used to help find out what may be causing abnormal blood clots in your body.

Dealing with anxiety is a common symptom of a traumatic brain injury. But when fear and worry become so strong that they get in the way of your ability to live your life, you could have an anxiety disorder. Read on to learn more.

Detailed information on the most common types of anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias

Detailed information on the most common types of anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias

These skills take practice, and the more you practice them, the more helpful they are. Some people find it helpful to listen to soothing music as they practice.

An aortic angiogram is a test that takes pictures of the aorta. This is the main blood vessel that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body. The test can show problems with your aorta, such as a blockage or an aneurysm (a balloon-like bulge in the wall of the aorta).

Problems such as high blood pressure can weaken an area of the aorta over time. This can cause a tear in the lining of that area.

An aortic dissection is a tear (dissection) in the wall of your body's main artery, the aorta. Treatment will depend on where the tear is located. You will most likely need surgery if the tear is on the ascending aorta. This is the part of the aorta that goes up through your chest toward your head.

Aortic valve regurgitation is when a person's aortic valve leaks. The aortic valve is 1 of the heart's 4 valves. These valves help the blood flow through the heart and out to the body. Normally, the aortic valve stops blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. With aortic valve regurgitation, some blood leaks back through the valve as the heart relaxes.

A minimally invasive aortic valve replacement is a surgery to replace a badly working aortic valve with an artificial valve. Learn what to expect before, during, and after this procedure.

An open, invasive aortic valve replacement is a surgery to replace a poorly working aortic valve with an artificial valve. An open, invasive aortic valve replacement is a surgery to replace a poorly working aortic valve with an artificial valve.

Aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage in an area of the brain that controls language expression and comprehension. Aphasia leaves a person unable to communicate effectively.

Aphasia happens when a part of the brain that processes language is damaged. A speech-language therapist (an expert trained in speech and language rehabilitation) will work closely with the person and their family to help the person communicate.

Aplastic anemia occurs when your bone marrow doesn’t make enough red and white blood cells, and platelets.

Aplastic anemia is a serious condition in which the bone marrow doesn’t make enough new blood cells. Read on for details about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Aplastic anemia is a rare blood disorder that affects the growth of blood cells. "Aplastic" means "lack of growth."

Apnea is a term that means breathing has stopped for more than 20 seconds. It can happen in full-term babies, but it is more common in premature babies. The more premature the baby, the greater the chances that apnea will occur.

This test measures the amount of a protein in your blood related to LDL and HDL cholesterol. It can help predict your risk for heart disease.

This test measures the amount of a certain type of cholesterol in your blood. It helps your health care provider determine your risk for cardiovascular disease, a disease affecting your heart and blood vessels.

An appendectomy is surgery to remove the appendix. The goal is to remove the appendix safely. Here's what you need to know.

An appendectomy is surgery to remove the appendix. The goal is to remove the appendix safely. Here's what you need to know.

An appendectomy is surgery to remove a child’s appendix. An appendectomy may be done as an open surgery or as laparoscopic surgery. Read on to learn what to expect before, during, and after the surgery.

An appendectomy is surgery to remove the appendix when it is infected. This condition is called appendicitis. Appendectomy is a common emergency surgery.

Appendicitis is a medical emergency that happens when your appendix becomes sore, swollen, and diseased.

Appendicitis is a painful swelling and infection of the appendix. It is a medical emergency. The appendix can burst or rupture. This is serious and can lead to more infection. If not treated, it can be fatal.

The human appendix is a 3- to 6-inch narrow tube located where the small and large intestines join. It's mostly known for becoming inflamed, affecting thousands of Americans each year. To learn more about the appendix, take this quiz.

Treatment for cancer, as well as the cancer itself, can affect your sense of taste or smell. You may find that many foods seem to have less taste. Other foods, especially meat or other high-protein foods, may taste bitter or metallic. Read on to learn what you can do about it.

Perfect combination of fall flavors.

This cake gets its moistness from the apples and raisins, so it needs little oil.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a type of therapy for children with autism. During the therapy, good behaviors and social responses are rewarded. Problem behaviors are ignored. Over time, this can create a change in behavior and social skills for your child.

A quick English dessert of cooked berries layered with whipped cream.

An arachnoid cyst is a fluid-filled sac of the brain or spinal cord. It forms between the brain or spinal cord and the arachnoid membrane. An arachnoid cyst contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These cysts appear most often in children, but they may also occur in adults.

These exercises help strengthen your arches.

Knowing the difference between forgetfulness and more serious memory problems can help you spot red flags in your relatives’ behavior.

Learn about getting correct arm care after a stroke and why it's so important.

Many people who have a stroke are left with problems with one of their arms. Proper arm care after a stroke can help treat these problems with your arm. It can also help prevent new problems from starting.

Learn how to do a biceps curl to help stretch and strengthen your arms.

An armpit (axillary) temperature is taken by holding the thermometer under your baby's arm. To provide a correct reading, this must be done with care. Use the steps on this handout as a guide.

An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm that can cause problems with the contractions of your heart chambers.

An arrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of the heart. In an arrhythmia, abnormal electrical signals through the heart muscle may cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. Read on to learn more.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a disease of the heart muscle. In this disease, fatty fibrous tissue replaces normal heart muscle. This interrupts normal electrical signals in the heart and may cause irregular and potentially life-threatening heart rhythms. The heart also becomes weaker over time leading to heart failure.

Art, dance, music—all are examples of mind-body therapy. Although these therapies do not cure cancer, they provide an outlet for emotions and can improve mental and physical well-being.

Here is detailed information on art therapy, dance/movement therapy, and music therapy.

An arterial blood gas analysis measures the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood to see how well your lungs are working.

An arterial line is a thin tube put into an artery. It lets your blood pressure be easily checked at all times. Here's what to expect with this procedure.

An AV fistula is a connection between an artery and a vein. For this procedure, an AV fistula is surgically made using an artery and a vein in your arm.

You have an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). An AVM is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain. Some AVMs never burst (rupture). But some things can lead to a rupture. If you have an AVM, you were likely born with it. But most people don't know they have one until a problem develops.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) happen when a group of blood vessels in your body forms incorrectly. Here's what you need to know.

Arthritis and other rheumatic diseases are common conditions that cause pain, swelling, and limited movement. They affect joints and connective tissues around the body. Millions of people in the U.S. have some form of arthritis.

Diagnosing arthritis and other rheumatic diseases is often difficult, as many symptoms are similar among the different diseases.

True or False: Arthritis affects only the wrist, ankle, and knee joints.

Regular exercise can help control arthritis. Exercise can strengthen the muscles around the joints for better support.

An arthrogram is an imaging study used to assess your joint problem.

Arthrography is a type of imaging test used to look at a joint, such as the shoulder, knee, or hip. It may be done if standard X-rays do not show the needed details of the joint structure and function.

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint (called a prosthesis) may also be used.

Orthopedic surgeons use arthroscopy to diagnose and treat joint problems. An arthroscope is a small, tube shaped instrument that is used to look inside a joint.

Arthroscopy is used to diagnose and treat joint problems. After arthroscopy, you may be able to return to the activities you enjoy.

Arthroscopy is a minimally-invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting joints. The doctor can directly view the internal structures of a joint using an instrument called an arthroscope. An arthroscope is a small, tube shaped instrument that is used to look inside a joint.

An artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is a man-made device that works like your urethral sphincter. It's used to treat stress urinary incontinence.

Ascites is a condition that occurs when fluid collects in spaces in your belly. It can be painful and keep you from moving around comfortably. Ascites can set the stage for an infection in your belly. Fluid may also move into your chest and surround your lungs. This makes it hard to breathe.

This test is used to diagnose liver damage.

Aspiration means that something enters your airway or lungs by accident, such as food or liquid. It can happen when you have trouble swallowing normally, which is called dysphagia.

Aspiration is when something enters the airway or lungs by accident. It may be food, liquid, or some other material. This can cause serious health problems, such as pneumonia.

Each year, more than a million Americans die of heart attacks and other forms of heart disease. Low-dose aspirin therapy is one weapon in the arsenal against heart disease that also includes healthy dieting, adequate exercise, and not smoking. Learn more about aspirin's role in combating heart disease by taking this quiz

Each newborn baby is carefully checked at birth for signs of problems or complications.

Assisted living (AL) is a setting for older adults or in some centers, adults of any age who are living with disability.

Assistive equipment is any kind of tool or device that can help simplify caregiving or make the environment safer for an ill, disabled, or elderly person.

ALDs can help you hear better. They are used alone or with a hearing aid. ALDs amplify sounds that you may hear in your daily life. Read on to learn about the different kinds of ALDs.

Asthma is a chronic lung disease. The airways become sensitive to triggers (allergens and irritants). Here's what you need to know.

If you have COPD, you may also have asthma. If you do, you'll need treatment for both conditions. Read on for details about symptoms, treatment, and self-care tips.

The weather. Food additives. Illness. Many things may set off your asthma symptoms. Here's a look at some common asthma triggers, and tips to help ease your symptoms.

The weather. Food additives. Illness. Many things may set off your asthma symptoms. Here's a look at some common asthma triggers, and tips to help ease your symptoms.

Exercise is a common trigger for many people with asthma. This is called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction or EIB. But living with EIB doesn't mean you need to give up exercise.

Learn the ways that exercise can cause problems when you have asthma and some tips for managing your exercise.

With correct asthma management and good prenatal care, most women with asthma can have healthy pregnancies.

Find out how much you know about asthma basics with this quiz.

Asthma is a long-term (chronic) lung disease that causes your child's airways to become sensitive to certain things (triggers).

Detailed information on asthma, including triggers of an asthma attack, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and treatment

Are you a parent of a child with asthma? Take this quiz and stop feeling guilty.

Many people think of asthma as a childhood disease, but it often occurs as a new condition in older adults.

Do you know tobacco smoke's effect on asthma? What about asthma's effect on pregnancy? Find out the answers to these and other questions by taking this quiz.

Medicines play a key role in controlling asthma. Some help control asthma symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Others are used to treat symptoms when they occur. Here's what you should know.

College can pose challenges for the student with asthma. New and unfamiliar living quarters, school and social stresses, and other factors can set off a flare-up. Here are some helpful tips.

Allergens, irritants, and other things may set off your asthma. Here is a list of triggers and ways to stay away from them.

Asthma triggers are things that can cause an asthma flare-up. Your health care provider can help you know what your triggers are and how to manage them.

Asthma flare-ups can be started by things known as triggers. Do you know what can trigger asthma? Test your knowledge.

If you think you may have allergies, talk with your healthcare provider about getting tested.

A peak flow meter for asthma is like a thermometer for a fever - it helps you keep track of what's going on inside your lungs by measuring airflow out of the lungs.

Astrocytoma is the most common type of brain tumor in children. It is usually low grade, which means slow-growing.

Ataxia means without coordination. People with ataxia lose muscle control in their arms and legs, which may lead to a lack of balance, coordination, and trouble walking. Ataxia may affect the fingers, hands, arms, legs, body, speech, and even eye movements.

A-T is a rare childhood disease that affects the nervous system and other body systems.

Atelectasis is the collapse of one or more sections (lobes) of the lungs. Here's what you need to know about this condition.

Atherosclerosis is a type of thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. It can increase your risk of heart attack, stroke, and other circulatory conditions.

Your healthcare provider doesn’t have a crystal ball. But there is a way they can predict the future, at least when it comes to your chances of developing heart disease.

The itching caused by athlete's foot can be intense. Named for the active people who seem most prone to this condition, athlete's foot can affect even couch potatoes. Find out more by taking this multiple-choice quiz.

Simply lacing your shoes or sneakers correctly along with choosing a shoe that fits your foot correctly, can add comfort to your stride and prevent foot injuries.

Atmosphere-supplying respirators provide the greatest respiratory protection. They let you breathe air from an outside source, such as an air tank or a compressor. Learn about the 3 different types and how to take care of them.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disorder. It is also called eczema. It often affects infants and may last until adulthood. It causes itchy, scaly patches on the skin.

Atopic dermatitis is a long-term (chronic) skin condition. It causes dry, itchy skin. It’s very common in babies and children. It often first appears between ages 3 and 6 months.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inherited skin condition that affects millions of Americans. The following quiz offers helpful facts about the condition.

Atrial fibrillation, or AFib, is a kind of abnormal heart rhythm or arrhythmia. AFib increases the risk for blood clots. These clots can then travel to the brain, causing a stroke. This is why AFib significantly increases the risk for stroke.

Atrial fibrillation ablation is a procedure to treat atrial fibrillation. It can help the heart maintain a normal heart rhythm. Read on to learn more.

Atrial fibrillation increases the risk for stroke. So stroke prevention is an important part of treatment for atrial fibrillation.

The Maze procedure is a type of heart surgery to treat atrial fibrillation. Read on to learn details.

Atrial flutter is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes the atria to beat more quickly than they should.

The atrial septum is the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atria). An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal hole in this wall. ASD is a heart problem that is present at birth (congenital). Read on for details about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

An atrioventricular (AV) canal defect is a congenital heart defect. This means that your child is born with it. These defects may range from partial to complete. These conditions cause oxygen-rich (red) blood and oxygen-poor (blue) blood to mix. This sends extra blood to the child's lungs.

ADHD is often thought of as a kid’s problem. That’s why it’s often missed in adults. Read on to learn about the symptoms and what to do if you think you may have ADHD.

ADHD is often thought of as a kid’s problem. That’s why it’s often missed in adults. Read on to learn about the symptoms and what to do if you think you may have ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain-based, or neurodevelopmental, disorder. It is often first diagnosed in childhood.

Audiologists measure and evaluate a person's ability to hear sounds. They focus on treating people with hearing disorders.

Audiologists address hearing and balance problems in people of all ages. They also help with the fitting and management of hearing aids.

If your child's ear is missing or not developed, he or she may need to have auricular reconstruction. This is when a framework for the outer ear is made from cartilage.

This surgery can help reconstruct your child's outer ear that is missing or underdeveloped. This condition is called microtia.

This surgery can help reconstruct your child's missing or underdeveloped outer ear.

Autism is a developmental disability that usually starts in early childhood. Because different children can have widely different symptoms, autism is classified as a "spectrum disorder," which means it is a group of disorders with similar features.

Autism spectrum disorder is a problem that affects a child's nervous system and growth and development. It often shows up during a child's first 3 years of life.

Detailed information on autoimmune diseases and pregnancy

Test your knowledge of these serious—and mysterious—class of diseases.

Autoimmune hepatitis is when your body’s infection-fighting system (immune system) attacks your liver cells. This causes redness and swelling (inflammation) and liver damage.

An AED is a small, portable, battery-powered machine with a computer in it. The machine detects heart activity. It can give an electric shock to someone if needed.

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) may be at risk for a serious problem called autonomic dysreflexia (AD). If you have an SCI at level T6 or higher, you should be aware of this problem and how it could affect you.

Detailed information on autopsy, including who does the procedure and how an autopsy is done.

A mutation is a change in a gene that prevents it from working right. We inherit mutations from our parents in specific ways, one of which is called autosomal dominant inheritance.

Detailed information on autosomal recessive genes.

Overview of autosomal recessive inheritance, including cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Tay Sachs disease.

Avascular necrosis develops when blood supply to a bone is cut off. This causes the bone to die and can cause pain and joint problems.

After AVM surgery is done, the surgeon will talk with your loved ones. You'll wake up in a recovery area. Then you'll be moved to a special unit, often an ICU (intensive care unit), where you can be closely watched.

These fresh-tasting tacos are great for a light meal!

If you have a latex allergy, the best way to prevent symptoms is to avoid latex. Here are some tips on how to do this.

Poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac are plants that can cause skin rashes. Here's what you need to know about recognizing these plants, how they cause a reaction, and preventive steps you can take to protect yourself.

Common workplace hazards can lead to serious injuries. Do what you can to create a hazard-free workplace.

Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine based on the idea that imbalance leads to disease.

Putting babies to sleep on their backs has dramatically reduced the incidence of SIDS. One unexpected side effect: Many infants now have a flattened head.

Baby acne (neonatal acne) is a skin condition that affects about 2 out of 10 newborns. It occurs when a baby is about 2 to 6 weeks old.

Learn how babies are cared for in the delivery room after a cesarian delivery.

Healthy babies born in a vaginal delivery are usually able to stay with the mother. In many cases, immediate newborn evaluations are performed right in the mother's room.

Detailed information on baby's care after birth

When a baby is born, several things are done to make sure the baby is warm and healthy.

Back and neck pain can interfere with your ability to function. Overuse, overweight, and other problems can cause back and neck pain.

A healthy spine supports the body while letting it move freely. It does this with the help of 3 natural curves. Strong, flexible muscles help, too. They support the spine by keeping its curves correctly aligned. Read on to learn more.

Back pain is a common complaint, but how serious is it? Take this quiz and see how much you know about back care.

The abdominal lift exercise helps makes your core muscles stronger.

The abdominal lift exercise helps makes your core muscles stronger.

Learn this exercise called arm reach or "the bird dog" to help strengthen your core muscles.

These three exercises are done on the floor.

These back exercises are done on your hands and knees.

Try the cat and cow exercise to help strengthen your back muscles.

Learn how to do a knee lift to help strengthen your core muscles.

Use this leg pull exercise to help relieve low back pain.

Use this leg pull exercise to help relieve low back pain.

Learn how to do a leg reach exercise to improve your back health.

These exercises work your lower back, buttocks, and hips.

Try this exercise to stretch your lower back.

Try this exercise to stretch your lower back.

Learn how to do these exercises to stretch and strengthen your neck muscles.

Learn how to do this back exercise called a partial curl up.

Learn how to do this back exercise called a partial curl up.

For best results, repeat this exercise 2 to 5 times.

Here is an exercise to do while seated on a chair.

This exercise works your sides and shoulders.

Your spine stretches from the base of your skull to your tailbone. It's composed of 33 bones (vertebrae) stacked on top of one another.

Taking care of your health can help you recover faster, feel better, and reduce the risk of reinjury.

It's important not to twist the spine when you turn. Here are some tips for keeping your back safe while standing and turning

As your body changes during pregnancy, your back must work in new ways. This can be painful if your back isn't prepared.

Did you know that standing, sitting, or lying in certain ways can lead to back pain? To ease pain, use positions that support your body comfortably.

Back pain is common in pregnancy because of your changing body. Here are ideas on what you can do to cope.

Answer this one: What position is best for your back when you sleep?

Whether you’re moving a patient, lifting a box of supplies, or pushing a cart or wheelchair, your back is always working. Use the tips below to help you reduce your risk of back injury.

When fall arrives, it's back-to-school time. And for some kids, it's back to dealing with diabetes in the classroom. Read on for some helpful tips.

Bacterial endocarditis is a bacterial infection of the inner layer of the heart or the heart valves. Read on to learn about the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart (endocardium), and the heart valves. It does not happen very often, but when it does, it can cause serious heart damage.

Gastroenteritis is when the stomach and intestines become inflamed. When it's caused by a type of bacteria, it’s called bacterial gastroenteritis.

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is an infection of your nasal cavity and sinuses. It's caused by bacteria. Acute means that you've had symptoms for less than 12 weeks.

Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the membranes that protect the spinal cord and brain. Learn more about this condition, including cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Learn about the symptoms, treatment, and prevention of meningitis.

Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate, often causing swelling or pain. Learn more about this condition.

Detailed information on the most common bacterial skin infections, including cellulitis, folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Detailed information on bacterial skin infections, including impetigo, cellulitis, scarlet fever, folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Serve the apples hot, at room temperature, or chilled, with the leftover liquid from the dish spooned over them.

A Baker's cyst (popliteal cyst) is a fluid-filled sac that forms behind the knee. Learn more about Baker's cysts, including the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Detailed information on balance disorders, including acoustic neurinoma and Ménière's disease

Although millions of Americans have balanced disorders, they can be difficult to diagnose. That's because dizziness--a common symptom--is such a broad term.

Baldness, or hair loss, can be caused by many things including aging, hormones or illness. It's more common in men and can be treated with hair transplants or other procedures.

The shoulder joint is enclosed by the capsule--a sheet of ligaments and other tough fibers. During a shoulder dislocation, capsule fibers can pull on and tear the labrum. A Bankart lesion is the name for a tear that happens in the lower rim of the tough, flexible tissue (labrum) of the shoulder.

Top a pizza crust with chicken, barbecue sauce, onions, and bell peppers.

Bariatric surgery changes the size of your stomach to help you lose weight. The goal is to limit how much food can be eaten and/or absorbed at one time.

Deciding on bariatric surgery can be difficult. This is major surgery. If you qualify for bariatric surgery, you need to think about the possible risks and complications of having this surgery. Compare these with the risks and complications of not having the surgery.

In a Roux-en-Y bypass, part of the stomach is closed off with staples to create a smaller pouch. The smaller stomach helps restrict the amount of food you can eat at 1 time. Learn more about the procedure.

Before surgery, tests will be done to check your health. You will be watched and kept as comfortable as possible throughout surgery and recovery. After surgery, you may stay in the hospital for one or several days.

A barium enema is an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at your lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Your lower GI tract includes the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

A barium swallow is an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at your upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Your upper GI tract includes the back of your mouth and throat (pharynx) and your esophagus.

This is a lovely side dish for chicken or fish.

Barrett esophagus occurs when the normal cells that line your food pipe (esophagus) turn into cells not usually found in your body. The new cells take over because the lining of the esophagus has been damaged. The new, abnormal cells are called specialized columnar cells or intestinal metaplasia.

This blood test screens for exposure to Bartonella henselae, the bacteria that cause cat scratch disease.

The risk for certain cancers is increased with basal cell nevus syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. Learn more about how this mutation forms.

Keep this on hand for a quick meal, or prepare in batches to give as gifts.

Located almost in the center of the chest, the adult human heart is about the size of a fist. It pumps blood throughout the body.

This blood test gives information about your body’s metabolism. It gives a snapshot of the health of your kidneys, your blood sugar levels, and the levels of key electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium.

Even the best-prepared parents may be surprised by a few things that are quite normal in newborns.

A brain tumor starts when cells in the brain change and grow out of control. As they continue to grow, they form a mass of cells that becomes a tumor. Learn about the types of brain tumors and symptoms.

This dish toasts the rice first, before the rest of the ingredients are added.

Bath time is a great time to bond with your newborn while keeping their skin healthy and cuddly soft. Get the facts - and the right supplies - to make these moments safe and enjoyable for both you and baby.

Until your newborn's umbilical cord falls off, sponge baths are the best way to bathe your baby. Gather supplies ahead of time. Bathe your newborn every 2 to 3 days, using the steps below as a guide. You can wash the diaper area more frequently as needed to keep the baby clean.

With a few cutting-edge tips from experts who use knives for a living -- top chefs -- you can stay away from the biggest danger of kitchen work.

When medicines are taken as directed, they can greatly improve your health. But if they are not taken as instructed, they may not work. To help make sure that your treatment remains effective and safe, understand your medicines and how to take them.

Caffeine is a regular part of life for many, but some people may need to limit or cut out caffeine.

Many prescription medicines are being marketed directly to the public through ads on television and in magazines. It's important to get the facts so that you can be safe whenever you take a medicine.

You’ve quit smoking because you’re pregnant. At first, not smoking may be new and exciting. It’s the best sort of change. You have a right to be proud. But then what? How do you stay smoke-free when life goes back to normal? Plan ahead to fight temptation. Be aware of signs that warn of a slip.

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited (genetic) disorder of the muscles. It is called a neuromuscular disease. There are several types. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a rare type.

After years of being very rare in the US, bedbugs are making a comeback. Bedbugs feed on human and animal blood, usually at night. Bedbugs are a nuisance. But they are not a major threat to your health. Read on to learn more.

This dish goes nicely with a green leaf lettuce and cucumber salad and a dinner roll. Plantains or corn can be used in place of the potatoes.

A tasty one-pot meal chock full of vegetables.

Mix pasta, spinach, beets, onion and walnuts in a salad bowl. Combine maple syrup, vinegar, and olive oil in a small jar and shake well. Pour over salad. Serve immediately or cover and refrigerate until you're ready to eat.

Whether a cesarean is scheduled or not, the preparation is nearly the same. Either way, your healthcare team will get you ready for surgery. If you have a partner, they can often stay with you for most of this time.

Here's what to know before you have arthroscopy.

Bariatric surgery is a type of surgery to help you lose weight. It is a choice for some people who are obese and have not been able to lose weight with other methods.

You are having surgery on your middle ear. This sheet can help you get ready. If you have any questions, ask your healthcare provider beforehand.

Make life easier and safer after surgery. Reduce household hazards now. By planning ahead now, you'll have less to worry about during recovery.